1. Team structure: - Team consists of group of people with diversified skill and knowledge who work together for common purpose. Teams are considered today as the most effective means to organize people and work activities. Team concept is getting popular as it breaks down departmental barriers and decisions are push down to work team. Organization perform complex task through teams. Teams achieve flexibility and increase productivity. Team based environment enhance performance reduce stress and promotes the climate of creativity and innovation in organization. Teams may be of different types.
a) Problem solving teams: - It is formed from the same department to solve departmental problem.
b) Cross functional team: - This team consists of members from various departments. Complex task and problems are assigned to this team.
c) Self managed team: - This is very much powerful team which has well defined responsibility and authority. They have authority to make solution of the problem and implement solution. This team is also called autonomous team.
d) Quality circle: - This team consists of members from the same department which work for quality improvement for product service and activities. They regularly meet and think about quality improvement. Small organizations themselves are team and in big organization there are teams at operational level.
2. Virtual organizations: - Virtual organization is a temporary network of companies. They come together to quickly exploit fast changing opportunities. Its foundation is strong information technology platform. The essence of virtual organization is outsourcing. All managerial activities are outsources to other companies. Outsourcing is the process of giving jobs to other companies in contract which were previously performed by organization itself. The objective of outsourcing is to improve quality and reduce cost. Distribution, packaging, accounting, trading, recruitment and selection and even manufacturing. Activities are outsourced what leave them a little. Hence, it is called virtual organization. Management can concentrate on strategy formulation, policy formulation and coordination.
3. Boundary less organization: - These organizations are known as barrier free or modular organization. A boundary less organization is one in which there are no barriers in information flow where they are best needed. It is not bound by chain of command and span of management. Members of these organizations do not have face to face conversation or contact. They establish relationship through modern important jobs. They are linked basically through computers. People are utilized where there services are needed. But, they are not formal member of organization.
4. Organizational downsizing: - Organization downsizing is the planned reduction in jobs and positions. Common approach to downsizing improves eliminating functions, positions, hierarchical levels, dropping those products which continuously include loss. It is thus the process of becoming slimmer, smaller and faster by reducing the size of work force or eliminating divisions or business. Therefore, downsizing is the process of eliminating positions, jobs departments and hierarchical levels. The purpose of downsizing is to bring the organization in right size. The methods of downsizing are: -
a) Firing
b) Transfer
c) Reduced work weeks
d) Early retirement
e) Lay off
f) Job sharing
5. Process reengineering: - The process reengineering emerged in management literature in 1950. Reengineering is a radical redesigning is the part of all business work process to achieve major gains in cost, quality, service and speed. In other words, it is concerned with radical redesigning work process to achieve improvement in critical area such as cost, quality service and speed.
Currently reengineering has become popular, redesigning strategy. It is the popular restructuring organization. When old structure does not function in changing environment, new structure must be designed. The important elements of process reengineering are: -
a) It focus is on work process,
b) It is a radical process improvement strategy,
c) It applies to individual as well as organizational process,
d) It tries to maximize the value added content and minimize those that does not add value,
e) It aims to improve performance by redesigning work process.
I think it is much longer than the usually written one.But also it is good.
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